Adipose-Derived Active Nanoparticles-Loaded Biomimetic Cardiac Patch for Myocardial Infarction Repair

Following myocardial infarction (MI), the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes leads to the replacement of orderly myocardial tissue with scar tissue, which can result in arrhythmias and impaired cardiac function, posing serious health risks. Cardiac patches containing bioactive components offer the potential for improvement of cardiac function and attenuation of disease progression, representing a promising therapeutic approach for MI. In this study, adipose-derived active nanoparticles (ADANs) are prepared from natural adipose tissue. ADANs are spherical nanoparticles, rich in adipokines. In vitro experiments demonstrate that ADANs significantly alleviate oxidative stress damage, reducing the proportion of apoptotic cells by 51.64%. Moreover, ADANs exhibit anti-inflammatory properties. Furthermore, by integrating ADANs with a conductive hydrogel and employing 3D printing techniques, a novel biomimetic cardiac patch (Bio-GPP@A) is developed. The Bio-GPP@A exhibits structural, mechanical, and electrical anisotropy similar to natural myocardial tissue. Further in vivo experiments show that Bio-GPP@A significantly mitigates myocardial damage following MI by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels at the infarction site, inhibiting apoptosis, promoting angiogenesis, effectively suppressing left ventricular remodeling, and restoring cardiac function. In conclusion, this study introduces a novel adipose tissue derived ADANs and develops a biomimetic cardiac patch, Bio-GPP@A, offering a promising therapeutic strategy for MI repair.