In situ construction of hierarchical heterostructures on LLMO surfaces for enhanced lithium-ion battery performance

Lithium-rich manganese-based layered oxides (LLMO) have emerged as a promising candidate for next-generation lithium-ion battery (LIB) cathodes. However, the practical application in energy storage systems is hindered by structural instability and severe interfacial side reactions. To address the problems, a hierarchical heterostructure consisting of a chemically stable LiMn 0.6 Fe 0.4 PO 4 (LMFP) coating layer and an in-situ formed spinel interphase to stabilize LLMO cathodes. Structural and compositional analysis confirm that the LMFP coating acts as a physical barrier, mitigating electrolyte induced degradation, while the spinel phase provides three-dimensional ion diffusion channels, enhancing Li + transport kinetics. The LLMO@LMFP composite exhibits a high reversible capacity of 162.5 mAh·g −1 at 0.1C, 92.9 % capacity retention after 100 cycles at 1C, and minimal voltage decay (0.2 mV cycle −1 ). This study establishes a materials design strategy that integrates structural stabilization with ion transport optimization, providing a pathway for the development of high-energy, long-lifespan LIB.