Engineering Photo-Functionalities of OrganicInorganic Hybrid Metal Halides Toward Repeatable Optical Writing/Erasing and Multilevel Information Encryption

Organic-inorganic hybrid halides (OIHH) have garnered considerable attention as promising photo-functional materials. Nevertheless, the rational design of OIHH with tailored optical properties remains a formidable challenge. Herein, the synthesis of Sb 3+ -doped (benzamidine) 2 InCl 5 (H 2 O) crystals exhibiting intense visible-light emission is reported. Furthermore, photochromism (PC) and afterglow are achieved by exploiting intermolecular charge transfer between guest water and C═N + ─H group within the crystalline lattice. Radicals with a characteristic absorption band at 520 nm are generated by photo-irradiation, which causes PC, while the energy stored in the long-lived radicals gradually transfers to Sb 3+ centers, yielding an afterglow effect. Repeatable optical writing/erasing processes are demonstrated based on the reversible PC effect. In addition, a multi-level information encryption scheme is proposed based on the multiplexed integration of fluorescence color, PC, and afterglow. Therefore, this work not only develops a novel OIHH system but also offers a universal strategy for engineering photo-responsive functionalities by intermolecular charge transfer. While water promotes free radical reactions, it simultaneously accelerates PC bleaching, presenting a challenge that requires further research to resolve this dichotomy.