Efficient Immobilization of CMlrA on Mesoporous Carriers for Synchronized Harmful Microcystis Blooms Suppression and Microcystin Degradation

Harmful Microcystis blooms (HMBs) and their hepatotoxic metabolites microcystins (MCs) pose escalating threats to aquatic biodiversity and public health due to their recalcitrance to conventional remediation approaches. To address this dual challenge, mesoporous silica (MSN) and hollow mesoporous organosilica (HMON) nanostructures were engineered via structure-guided design principles, enabling the development of the crude extract microcystinase A (CMlrA)-tailored immobilized platform (CMlrA@MSN and CMlrA@HMON) for synchronized HMBs suppression and MCs detoxification. Systematic optimization of carrier physicochemical properties (including specific surface area, hydrophilicity, and pore size) significantly enhanced the immobilization efficiency and catalytic durability of CMlrA. Kinetic modeling revealed 201.3% and 44.1% K cat / K m enhancements in MC-LR degradation for CMlrA@MSN and CMlrA@HMON relative to free CMlrA. Immobilized enzyme systems achieved 77.06% and 83.03% growth inhibition rates in Microcystis aeruginosa FACHB-905 after six-day treatment. This biocatalytic immobilization strategy establishes an eco-efficient framework for synergistic HMB suppression and MC degradation, providing the technical groundwork for practical water remediation systems.