Developing hydroxyl and triazine functionalized porous organic polymer combined with LC-MS for sensitively detecting neonicotinoid insecticides in honey samples

Herein, two porous organic polymers, triazine functionalized POP (H-CC-POP) as well as triazine and hydroxyl bifunctionalized POP (OH-CC-POP), were prepared for the first time. They were utilized as sorbents for solid-phase extraction (SPE) of neonicotinoid insecticides (NIs). Compared to H-CC-POP, the OH-CC-POP delivered excellent adsorption capacity for NIs through hydrogen bonding and π-π conjugation interactions. A OH-CC-POP based SPE in conjunction with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was employed to detect NIs in honey samples. Under optimal conditions, the established OH-CC-POP based method provides a good linear range of 0.70–120 ng g −1 , with coefficients of determination ranging from 0.9940 to 0.9990. A low limit of detection of NIs in honey samples is obtained to be 0.20–0.80 ng g −1 . The method recoveries, measured at three spiking levels, are 82.3–118 %, with a relative standard deviation of lower than 9.7 %. The developed method shows good application prospects for the detection of NIs in complex matrices.