Synergistic rGO/MoS2 E-Shaped Evaporators: Efficient Solar Desalination and Water Purification via Enhanced Photothermal Conversion and Structural Optimization

Solar-driven interfacial evaporation has garnered significant attention as a sustainable technology for freshwater production. However, its widespread application is impeded by challenges, such as complex fabrication processes, high costs, and vulnerability to pore clogging. Herein, we present an E-shaped evaporator constructed through in situ integration of a binary photothermal nanocomposite comprising reduced graphene oxide and molybdenum disulfide (rGO/MoS2) onto a polyurethane sponge substrate. The synergistic light absorption enhancement of the rGO/MoS2 hybrid is rationally utilized to achieve excellent broadband solar harvesting. The distinctive E-shaped configuration simultaneously optimizes light utilization through multiangle photon capture and facilitates rapid water transport via hierarchical channels. This integrated system demonstrates exceptional operational stability with a cumulative water yield of 16.58 kg·m–2 under 12 h natural illumination, which could effectively facilitate seawater desalination and wastewater purification. The proposed fabrication strategy, characterized by cost-effectiveness and scalable manufacturing compatibility, paves the way for practical implementation in off-grid water purification systems.