Self-Assembled Bioactive Glass/Starch/GelMA Microspheres for Hemostasis and Bone Regeneration in Bone Trauma Emergency Treatment

The high incidence of bone trauma has necessitated the development of multifunctional biomaterial implants with both hemostatic and osteogenic properties to address clinical challenges such as bone nonunion and immune rejection associated with nondegradable bone hemostatic materials. In this study, starch/bioactive glass/GelMA-based self-assembling composite microspheres were developed as a novel bone trauma filler exhibiting dual functions of efficient hemostasis and bone regeneration. These micron-scale composite microspheres can be applied to bone trauma sites during surgical procedures or emergency situations. Upon absorption of blood, self-assembly occurs rapidly through hydroxyl/amino-mediated interfacial interactions, preventing dispersion by blood and facilitating the formation of a stable barrier for emergency hemostasis. Furthermore, the bioactive glass component promotes osseointegration via biomineralization-mediated assembly, while the released bioactive ions enhance the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. This composite microsphere exhibited biodegradable properties and significantly improved cranial bone defect repair in vivo.