Design and facile synthesis of CoFe nanoparticles functionalized with boron and nitrogen co-doped ultra-thin mesoporous carbon nanosheets: The advanced glucose and hydrogen peroxide electrochemical sensors

Cobalt (Co)-based bimetallic alloys, formed by incorporating a secondary metal with Co, demonstrate improved catalytic performance for glucose/H 2 O 2 sensing. Nevertheless, limitations related to their porous structures and the availability of active sites have led to a restricted linear detection range. Designing three-dimensional (3D) architectures composed of orderly stacked two-dimensional (2D) carbon nanosheets (NSs) reveals abundant hierarchical pores and three-phase interfaces, which facilitate efficient mass and electron transfer while simultaneously enhancing the dispersion of additional active centers. The present study proposes a novel 3D hierarchically porous 'honeycomb' structure self-assembled from numerous cobalt iron (CoFe) nanoparticles integrated with 2D ultrathin NSs doped with boron (B) and nitrogen (N) (referred to as CoFe-BN-CNSs T NSs). The optimized CoFe-BN-CNSs 900 NSs exhibit excellent electrical conductibility, abundant mesoporous structures, and a remarkably high doping level of B/N electrochemically active sites (9.71 atom %). The CoFe-BN-CNSs 900 NSs-based H 2 O 2 sensor displays a wide linear detection range from 0.04 to 16.10 mM, along with a high sensitivity of 127.20 uA cm −2 mM −1 . For glucose detection, the sensor exhibits a wide linear range of 0.01–9.35 mM and a high sensitivity of 118.90 uA cm −2 mM −1 . Notably, the CoFe-BN-CNSs 900 NSs-derived sensors for H 2 O 2 and glucose detection demonstrate excellent reproducibility, stability, and strong resistance to interference from electroactive molecules and inorganic salts. In particular, CoFe-BN-CNSs 900 NSs-based electrochemical sensors demonstrate remarkable accuracy in the quantification of H 2 O 2 concentrations in disinfectant solutions and glucose levels in serum samples, thereby highlighting their potential for practical applications. This study presents a novel approach for the sensitive and rapid detection of H 2 O 2 and glucose in real-world samples.