Bi-doped indium nanoparticles on carbon rod for efficient CO2 electroreduction to formate

Electrochemical CO 2 reduction reaction (CO 2 RR) offers a promising route for converting greenhouse gases into valuable chemicals. Herein, we report the synthesis of Bi-doped indium (In Bi) nanoparticles supported on a carbon rod (In-Bi x @C). Bi incorporation tuned the electronic structure of In and enhanced the CO 2 RR activity. The optimized In-Bi 100 @C catalyst achieved a 92.7 % formate Faradaic efficiency at −1.2 V vs. RHE with a good stability This study provides insights into metal doping strategies for advancing CO 2 RR performance.