Boronic acid modified graphyne nanozyme for the diagnosis of knee joint diseases assisted by machine learning

The knee joint exhibits the highest incidence of pathologies among all joints. It is of great significance for early diagnosis of septic arthritis and osteoarthritis. In this work, boronic group functionalized graphyne nanozymes (graphyne@PBA) have been firstly synthesized and further explored as probes for the detection of bacteria in septic arthritis and the measurement of chondrocyte cells in osteoarthritis. With high affinity for glyconjugates, graphyne@PBA probes (2 N-GY@PBA and 3 N-GY@PBA) exhibit the enhanced peroxidase-like activity. Moreover, the introduction of machine learning into graphyne@PBA based-colorimetric sensing array can efficiently enhance the accuracy of quantitative detection, realizing the determination of Staphylococcus aureus with a linear detection range from 10 3 to 10 8  CFU/mL and a R 2 value as high as 0.9973, Pseudomonas aeruginosa from 10 2 to 10 7  CFU/mL and R 2 value of 0.9903, chondrocytes from 10 2 to 10 6 cells/mL and R 2 value of 0.9992. This sensing platform has opened a new avenue for the detection of bacteria in septic arthritis and chondrocyte cells in osteoarthritis, giving a significant prospect in the field of disease diagnosis.