Apigenin alleviates dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis via regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress in goblet cells

Ulcerative colitis (UC) significantly impairs quality of life and incurs substantial economic costs. Apigenin, a flavonoid abundant in fruits and vegetables, has demonstrated potential in UC management. Utilizing DSS-induced UC mouse models and LS 174 T goblet cell models, this study elucidates apigenin's protective mechanisms. Dietary supplementation with 40 mg/kg apigenin markedly alleviated UC symptoms. Antibiotic-mediated microbiota depletion confirmed that apigenin's efficacy is independent of gut microbiota. Mechanistically, apigenin enhances SERCA2 expression to maintain intracellular calcium homeostasis, thereby inhibiting excessive activation of the PERK-eIF2α-ATF4-CHOP pathway, reducing goblet cell apoptosis, and preserving mucosal barrier integrity. These findings provide a robust theoretical foundation for apigenin as a dietary supplement in the prevention and mitigation of colitis.