Rubber-Based Conductive Adhesive with High Sensitivity and Conductivity for Real-Time Multi-Hazard Monitoring in Smart Structures

Conductive adhesives offer considerable promise in areas such as disaster warning and structural bonding in timber buildings. However, current conductive adhesives suffer from low bonding strength, poor interfacial adhesion, low cohesive strength, and low sensitivity. Conventional wood adhesives consume considerable energy due to their reliance on hot pressing. Here, this work introduced a styrene–butadiene rubber-based conductive wood adhesive with high environmental sensitivity, developed using interfacial polarity modification and functional filler doping. This conductive adhesive exhibited exceptionally high cold-press lap shear strength (dry shear strength of 3.67 MPa and wet shear strength of 1.80 MPa), strong interfacial adhesion (rapid bonding to polar, nonpolar, and inorganic surfaces), high conductivity (adhesive film conductivity of 0.13 S m–1), and outstanding cohesive strength (5.28 MPa). Exploiting these superior properties, a multilayered (wood-adhesive-wood) environment-sensitive sensor can rapidly identify various early disaster signals, including vibration, temperature rise, and combustion. This study introduced strategies for developing low-energy, high-strength conductive adhesives for timber buildings, thus opening innovative avenues for early disaster warning in timber buildings.