Nanoconfinement-engineered hollow perovskites boost non-radical pathways for efficient degradation of emerging contaminants

A novel nanoconfinement-engineered hollow perovskite catalyst (Ca 1.1 MnO 3-δ @HCNS) has been proposed for efficient catalytic ozonation in this study. This catalyst was constructed using a two-step hard-templating approach to enhance O-O bond elongation (1.28→1.34 Å) and electron transfer (0.44 vs. 0.38 eV), reducing activation barrier by 86 % versus non-hollow Ca 1.1 MnO 3-δ @CN-SiO 2 . Ca 1.1 MnO 3-δ @HCNS exhibits exceptional resistance to environmental quenchers (e.g., SO 4 2- , Cl - , humic acid) and achieves complete bisphenol A elimination within 20 min in complex water matrices such as domestic sewage and industrial wastewater, while maintaining excellent degradation efficacy for endocrine disruptors, pharmaceuticals, and phenolic contaminants (>99.9 % removal within 20 min). The turnover frequency (TOF) of Ca 1.1 MnO 3-δ @HCNS is more than 6 times higher than that of catalysts reported in the literature. These results demonstrate that nanoconfinement engineering can overcome the key limitations of conventional ozonation catalysts. This work establishes a nanoarchitecture design principle for advanced oxidation processes and elucidates nanoconfinement-mediated reaction mechanisms.