Metal–Organic Framework-Remodeled Gut Microbiota Alleviates Colonic Inflammation via Selective Modulation of Roseburia intestinalis

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is marked by severe colonic inflammation and oxidative stress-induced tissue damage, often accompanied by gut microbiota dysbiosis. Probiotics have recently been recognized as promising therapeutic agents for IBD. Herein, we examined the modulatory effects of orally administered metal–organic framework (MOF) nanozyme MOF-818 on gut microbiota in a mouse model of IBD. Oral treatment with MOF-818 significantly alleviated IBD symptoms, reduced intestinal oxidative damage, and favorably altered the gut microbiota composition. Notably, MOF-818 selectively enhanced the proliferation of Roseburia intestinalis (R. intestinalis). Further analyses showed that MOF-818 significantly upregulated bacterial division-related genes (ftsZ, ftsE) in R. intestinalis while genes associated with ATP synthesis (atpA, atpD) were also highly expressed, boosting energy production to support rapid cell division and proliferation. These findings underscore the biofunctional role of MOF-818 as an active modulator of the gut microflora rather than a passive therapeutic agent, which highlights its significant synergistic potential with probiotics and lays a theoretical foundation for the future application of MOF-based materials in combination with probiotics.