Integrated deep eutectic solvent with amorphous metal–organic framework for highly sensitive electrochemical determination of dicofol in milk and water

High-throughput screening of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) was performed using artificial intelligence/quantum mechanical models. Ni-amorphous metal-organic frameworks (aMOFs) was synthesized through amine-DES aqueous solution. The target-specific DES/amorphous MOF nanocomposite was then modified onto screen-printed electrode, serving as sensing platform for dicofol due to high surface properties and excellent electrochemical activity. aMOFs facilitate rapid charge transfer due to their disordered structure, which overcomes the anisotropy limitations of crystalline MOFs and enhances electron conductivity. DESs are employed to capture target analytes, leveraging their ability to modify substrate binding sites and improve catalytic efficiency through enhanced substrate anchoring. The electrode, which exhibited a good linear relationship in concentration range from 0.05 to 50 μmol/L, with a limit of detection of 0.015 μmol/L. The sensor was successfully applied to dicofol detection in real samples. This study provides new insights into the screening and design of sensing electrode modification materials for harmful substances in food.