Laccase Co3(PO4)2 hybrid nanoflowers and multi-walled carbon nanotubes-based electrochemical sensor for bisphenol A analysis

Bisphenol A (BPA), a well-recognized endocrine-disrupting chemical, is a significant environmental contaminant linked to various health disorders. Therefore, the development of rapid and sensitive BPA detection methods is essential for accurate monitoring in complex matrices. In this study, an electrochemical biosensor was constructed that synergistically combines the catalytic activity of laccase with the conductive properties of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Laccase was effectively immobilized within a Co 3 (PO 4 ) 2 -based hybrid nanoflower through biomimetic mineralization, forming a spatially confined catalytic system. Structural characterization of the nanoflowers revealed their spherical morphology with hierarchical porosity and an average diameter of 6 μm. The laccase@Co 3 (PO 4 ) 2 /MWCNTs nanocomposite-modified glassy carbon electrode demonstrated good catalytic performance for BPA oxidation, exhibiting high sensitivity (3.592 μA·μmol −1  L) and a low detection limit of 0.015 μM (S/N = 3)). Practical applications in analyzing commercial bottled water and plastic infant bottles confirmed the biosensor's reliability. This research presents an efficient and cost-effective approach for BPA risk assessment, contributing to the protection of public health.