Rosa roxburghii Tratt juice ameliorates fluoride exposure-induced bone metabolism disorders by modulating gut microbiota and serum metabolites

Skeletal fluorosis is closely associated with inflammation and metabolic disorders caused by excessive fluoride exposure. Rosa roxburghii Tratt juice (RRTJ), a natural dietary supplement, has been widely used to manage diseases associated with inflammatory damage and metabolic disorders. However, it is largely unknown if RRTJ can mitigate fluoride-induced bone metabolism disorders and the underlying mechanisms. In this study, we demonstrated that RRTJ supplementation significantly improved fluoride exposure-induced bone metabolism disorders, enhanced anti-inflammatory responses, increased short-chain fatty acid concentrations (SCFAs), strengthened the intestinal barrier, and markedly enriched beneficial bacteria, particularly Ligilactobacillus spp. Notably, we identified Rosa roxburghii Tratt polysaccharides (RRTP) as a key component of RRTJ that significantly promotes the growth of Ligilactobacillus murinus . Additionally, RRTJ effectively alleviated fluoride-induced lipid metabolism disorders. A mechanistic study revealed that RRTJ fortifies intestinal barrier function via activating intestinal G-protein-coupled receptor 43 (GPR43) and inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathways, leading to ameliorating bone metabolism disorders. These findings reveal the unique mechanism of RRTJ in balancing bone metabolism and provide new insights into the interaction between natural products and the gut microbiota, offering potential dietary strategies to mitigate fluorosis-induced bone metabolism disorders.