Multiplex detection of tumor markers in breast cancer via magnetic photonic microspheres

Tumor markers (TMs) are crucial indicators of preneoplastic and neoplastic diseases, which provide the basis for the accurate diagnosis of malignant tumors. We present a diagnostic platform utilizing magnetic photonic microspheres (mPCMs) for simultaneous detection of various sorts of TMs, specifically for reliable breast cancer identification. The multiplex detection capability of mPCMs stems from the color encoding function of the photonic crystal structure formed by self-assembled silica nanoparticles, while their magnetic responsiveness is achieved through ferric oxide nanoparticle doping. The ordered nanostructure offers a large specific surface area for biological detection, and the magnetically controlled movement enhances the capture efficiency of target biomarkers. Specifically, CA 15–3, miRNA-21, and exosomes are used as target biomarkers, reflecting different aspects of breast cancer biology. Our multivariate detection platform effectively identifies proteins, nucleic acids, and exosomes through specific binding and base complementary pairing. Thus, mPCMs provide a novel approach for the combined analysis of diverse biomarkers.