Enhanced sensitive detection of bisphenol F via an electrode with dual-layered modification of carbon nanocages and Prussian blue nanocubes

An electrochemical sensor demonstrating exceptional sensitivity was constructed for bisphenol F analysis. Carbon nanocages and Prussian blue nanocubes were synthesized and then applied to modify a glassy carbon electrode layer by layer, creating the unique sensing platform. The combination of carbon nanocages and Prussian blue nanocubes greatly improved the charge transfer rate and offered a substantial surface area for bisphenol F adsorption. Exhibiting outstanding electrocatalytic performance for bisphenol F oxidation, the as-proposed electrode provided a broad linear range from 0.1 to 500 μM and a low detection limit of 0.03 μM (S/N = 3). The sensor manifested strong selectivity, showing minimal interference from typical coexisting substances. Its stability and reproducibility were evaluated, and the results were satisfactory. The sensor effectively determined bisphenol F in real samples, achieving recoveries between 95.7 % and 98.4 %. This study offers a promising method for the sensitive and precise detection of bisphenol F in environmental samples, significantly contributing to environmental monitoring.