Effect of preparation condition of Mg-Al layered double hydroxides on glyphosate adsorption and process optimization through response surface methodology

This study investigated LDHs-MgAl preparation factors on Gly adsorption performance. The single-factor experiments shown that CO 3 2− -type LDHs-400-MgAl prepared under the condition of calcination temperature of 400 °C, calcination time of 3 h, Mg/Al molar ratio of 2:1, synthesis pH of 10, preparation temperature of 30 °C and aging temperature of 25 °C, had better Gly adsorption performance due to its enhanced crystallinity and hierarchical porosity. Moreover, the Gly adsorption process optimization with LDHs-400-MgAl via the response surface methodology (RSM) was studied. The relative error between the actual value and the predicted value obtained from the RSM model is 0.39 % and the determination coefficient (R 2 ) is 0.9987, which means the Gly adsorption process with LDHs-400-MgAl can be predicted by the proposed RSM model. This work integrates material synthesis optimization with process engineering, offering a scalable strategy for Gly removal in complex wastewater matrices.