Paeoniflorin alleviates necroptosis in acute kidney injury induced by cisplatin and lansoprazole through targeting TNFAIP3

Background Cisplatin (CIS), a widely administered chemotherapeutic agent, is associated with acute kidney injury (AKI). Lansoprazole (LPZ), commonly prescribed to mitigate chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal complications, may further elevate AKI risk. Paeoniflorin (Pae), a bioactive compound derived from traditional Chinese medicine, demonstrates renal protective properties in AKI, yet its mechanism against CIS and LPZ induced AKI remains undefined. Methods A composite AKI model was established in vivo and in vitro using CIS and LPZ. The protective effect of Pae on the injury of renal tissue or renal tubular cells in mice was observed, followed by Pae pretreatment. The target of Pae was found through network pharmacology, and the binding ability of the target was verified by CETSA experiment and molecular docking. Finally, the target gene was knocked out or over expressed to verified whether Pae regulates necroptosis through this target. Results It was found that renal injury could be exacerbated by LPZ in the CIS induced AKI. Pae could alleviate CIS and LPZ induced AKI. The target gene of Pae was TNFAIP3, which played an important role in necroptosis. The TNFAIP3 could bind well to Pae in molecular docking and CETSA experiment. The necroptosis and inflammatory responses in AKI induced by CIS and LPZ could be also inhibited by Pae in vivo and in vitro. Overexpression of TNFAIP3 played the same cellular protective role as Pae preconditioning. In contrast, Pae could not continue to play a protective role after TNFAIP3 was knocked down. Conclusion The traditional Chinese medicine Pae holds promise as a potential therapeutic agent for AKI, with TNFAIP3 representing an effective therapeutic target in this pathology.