Synthesis of high-entropy BiFeO3-based particles with enhanced catalytic activity for degradation of Rhodamine B

High-entropy engineering offers a new paradigm for catalyst design. In this study, a high-entropy BiFeO 3 -based catalyst was synthesized via rare-earth multi-element doping. Entropy engineering enhanced structural stability and oxygen vacancy concentration, which promoted iron redox cycling and the generation of reactive oxygen species, thereby boosting activity in Fenton reactions. The catalyst achieved 96.9 % rhodamine B degradation within 20 min ( k  = 0.169 min −1 ) under neutral conditions. It retained 93.5 % activity after multiple cycles without ion leaching, demonstrating excellent stability, scalability, and durability. This work confirms the feasibility of high-entropy strategies in developing efficient and sustainable catalysts for water treatment applications.