Impact of fluorine content on the electrochemical properties of carbon fluoride-based thermal batteries

Carbon fluoride (CF x ), recognized as a high-voltage material, exhibits elevated voltage and tunable electrochemical behavior. This study systematically investigates the impact of F content on the physical properties and electrochemical performance. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that CF x with 60 % F content maintains an impressive mass retention of 98.2 % at temperatures up to 450°C. At current density of 20 mA/cm 2 , the CF x containing 58 % F atom achieves the highest specific capacity of 578 mAh/g. Furthermore, CF x with 55 % F content attains a peak voltage exceeding 3.0 V. Hence, F contens influence the application of CF x . This work provides valuable insights for the design of CF x cathodes in thermal batteries.