Precipitation-Driven Thermoelectric Conversion and Energy Storage Integrated Device

Thermoelectric devices have garnered significant interest but face limitations due to their reliance on external equipment and relatively low energy density for energy storage. This study introduces an innovative integrated device that achieves both the function of thermoelectric conversion and energy storage within a single unit through a precipitation-driven Thermogalvanic effect. Strikingly, both the thermoelectric (P max = 3.51 W m −2 ) and electrochemical (E = 459 J m −2 , surpasses the reported highest value by 132%) performances are excellent. Furthermore, a large-area prototype module comprising 32 units manifests an open circuit voltage of 1.7 V and exhibits an energy density of 463.9 J m −2 . This work provides an innovative and effective approach to the high-performance recycling system of thermoelectric conversion and energy storage integrated devices.