摘要
With growing emphasis on environmental protection and sustainable development, developing high-performance bio-based epoxy resins has become a central focus to reduce reliance on petroleum-derived curing agents. This study presents a novel approach by synthesizing three types of cardanol-based flame-retardant epoxy curing agents, C1-DPP-MA, C2-PDP-MA, and C3-POC-MA, as sustainable bio-based alternatives to conventional petroleum-derived curing agents. The structures of these curing agents were confirmed through FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. Flame-retardant epoxy resins (DGEBA/C1-DPP-MA (EP1), DGEBA/C2-PDP-MA (EP2), and DGEBA/C3-POC-MA (EP3)) were prepared via thermal polymerization, with DGEBA/MHHPA (EP0) serving as a control. Kinetic analysis revealed that the curing activation energies of EP1, EP2, and EP3 were all higher than that of EP0, which can be attributed to the steric hindrance of the cardanol-derived curing agent molecules. Among the three cardanol-based epoxy resins, EP1 and EP2 demonstrated superior flame retardancy compared to EP3, with Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) values of 28 % and 27 %, respectively. UL-94 tests showed that EP1 achieved V -0 ratings. Cone calorimetry tests further confirmed their enhanced flame retardancy, with EP1 and EP2 showing reductions in peak heat release rate (PHRR) by 52.8 % and 37.8 %, respectively, and significant decreases in total heat release (THR). Additionally, the cardanol structure's long, flexible side chains improved toughness and elongation at break in EP1. Moreover, a carbon nanofiber (CNF)-reinforced composite (EP1CF) was synthesized from EP1, significantly enhancing its thermal stability, flame retardancy, and mechanical properties. This study introduces a promising approach for designing bio-based epoxy resins with superior overall properties, contributing to the advancement of environmentally friendly flame-retardant materials by synergistically incorporating CNFs with cardanol-based curing agents.
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）