An asymmetric personal thermal management textile integrating multienergy-coupled heating with flame-retardant thermal-moisture regulation

Multifunctional wearable heaters demonstrate tremendous potential in personal thermal management (PTM) textiles. However, current PTM systems face some limitation in unitary functionality and single energy sources for practical application, lacking adaptability to dynamic and complex climate changes. Simultaneously, mitigating heat loss caused by sweating in cold weather is equally critical for human thermoregulation. Herein, a thermally stable textile with multienergy-coupled and thermal-moisture management capabilities was developed. The Janus architecture enables simultaneous high solar absorptance (97.5 %) and mid-infrared reflectance (59.36 %). Its exceptional photothermal (1.0 standard sunlight, 60 s, 84.5 °C, 1.025 °C/s) and electrothermal (1.5 v, 60 s, 97.2 °C, 1.098 °C/s) conversion efficiencies enable multienergy-coupled heating, ensuring thermal comfort while superior unidirectional water transport capacity ( R  = 315.1 %) can effectively remove sweat from the body. The integrated flame-retardant properties further create a wearable heater combining efficient thermal management with fire safety. Moreover, the material's multifunctionality delivers outstanding electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding (60.84 dB) and antibacterial efficacy (90 %). This design not only addresses the energy consumption and safety issues of conventional heating materials, but also enhances wearing comfort in extreme environments through thermal-moisture synergistic management, providing novel insights for next-generation intelligent wearable textiles.