Breathable, hygroscopic and protective leather-based wearable electronic with stress-humidity dual-modal sensing by Janus-structured porous design

Despite the rapid development of wearable electronics in sports rehabilitation and healthcare, traditional wearable electronics still have limitations such as poor personal protection, limited multifunctional sensing capabilities, and weak balancing between comfort and intelligence. This study introduces a breathable, comfortable, and protective Leather/MXene-AgNWs/Aerogel (LMAA) wearable electronic that combines stress-humidity dual-modal sensing, impact attenuation, and temperature management. The Janus porous integration is realized by heterogeneity modulating the natural three-dimensional woven leather structure and the isotropic porous aerogel (with air permeability of 3 mm/s and water vapor transmission of 877.6 g·m −2 ·d −1 ). Through optimizing the sandwiched MXene-AgNWs conductive layer and hierarchical structure, the LMAA can provide stress deformation detection via resistance variation (>10,000 cycles) and environmental humidity monitoring through capacitance changes (1.4 % RH −1 sensitivity, R 2  > 0.997), together with multifunctional personal protection, such as anti-impact (attenuate>30 % of impact force), joule heating (reaching 57.1 °C at 2.5 V), electromagnetic interference shielding (SE T  = 38.3 dB), and antibacterial properties. Furthermore, a prototype smart knee pad showcases real-time monitoring of joint movement and skin moisture, along with therapeutic heating capabilities. By integrating machine learning, the smart knee pad successfully collects and recognizes various running data. LMAA offers a comfortable and durable solution for sports rehabilitation and health monitoring applications.