Multidimensional Dynamic Information Display Based on Long Persistent Phosphors via Wavelength Multiplexing Coupled with Trap Management

Precise manipulation of luminescence modality and chromatic output in persistent luminescence (PersL) materials is critical for information storage and advanced anti-counterfeiting. Here, a multimodal GdNbO 4 :Bi 3+ ,Tb 3+ phosphor with the quintuplet luminescence (including photoluminescence, PersL, photo-stimulated luminescence (PSL), photo-stimulated PersL, and thermo-stimulated luminescence (TSL)) and spatiotemporally tunable colorimetry is reported. The PersL mechanism follows the localized model is proposed based on monitored wavelength and temperature-dependent thermoluminescence curves. While the dynamic PersL output color can be attributed to energy transfer and different luminescent decay rates. For the first time, the mechanisms of PSL and TSL are clarified, which are attributed to the release of trapped carriers corresponding to optical and acoustic transitions, respectively. These multimodal phosphors are used for information storage and sophisticated anti-counterfeiting. This study here offers profound insights into the mechanism of multimodal luminescence, providing theoretical guidance and practical examples for the design, synthesis, and application of PersL materials.