Construction of Pt-Cu-Vinylamine Complex on Hazelnut Shell Biochar as a Catalyst Used for Hydrosilylation of Alkenes by Tertiary Silanes

The design and development of low-cost and efficient nonhomogeneous catalysts for silicon hydrogen addition is a hot research topic. This study reports the synthesis of a novel solid catalyst, PtCu-NVF-HBNC, derived from hazelnut shell biomass waste. The catalyst was prepared through carbonisation, nitrogen-doped activation, functionalisation with N-vinylformamide (NVF), and subsequent bimetallic Pt–Cu loading. It features a divalent platinum–vinylamine complex as the active centre. The introduction of Cu as a promoter induces competitive coordination with the Pt(II)–vinylamine complex, leading to electron density redistribution on the vinylamine ligand and a significant enhancement in Pt(II) coordination bond strength. This electronic modulation results in markedly improved activity and regioselectivity in the hydrosilylation of alkenes with tertiary silanes. The optimised catalyst, Pt1.6Cu-NVF-HBNC, demonstrated high performance in the hydrosilylation of linear alkenes, including 1-hexene, 1-octene, and 1-octadecene with triethoxysilane, indicating broad substrate adaptability.