Application of Sustainably Synthesised Nitrogen Self-Doped Carbon Dots Based on Camellia Extract for Sensitive Detection of Lamotrigine in Water Samples

In bioanalysis and environmental monitoring, developing sustainable carbon dot nanomaterials from waste biomass as probes holds significant scientific value for advancing sustainable chemical sensing technology. The method not only enables the efficient transformation of waste biomass into functional nanomaterials but also presents a sustainable paradigm for biomass resource utilization. A one-step hydrothermal synthesis protocol was utilized for the fabrication of nitrogen self-doped carbon dots (NCDs), wherein camellia flowers functioned as dual sources of carbon and nitrogen. Furthermore, we constructed a novel chemiluminescence system (Na 2 SO 3 -CeS 2 O 8 -NCDs-H 2 SO 4 ) and applied it to the highly sensitive detection of the antiepileptic drug lamotrigine (LTG) in water. The chemiluminescence signal of LTG exhibited a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect within the system, featuring a linear dynamic range of 8 × 10 -5 M to 1 × 10 -3 M and a detection limit of 2.37 μM. The recovery rates of the target analyte in spiked real water samples ranged from 98.63% to 104.49%, validating the applicability and reliability of this method for detecting LTG in complex environmental matrices. The research offered an innovative approach to the resource utilization of waste biomass and the green analysis of trace drug residues in water samples.