Chitosan/β-Glycerophosphate Thermosensitive Aerosol Hydrogel as an Innovative Medical Device for Rapid Hemostasis in Emergency Related Physical Trauma: A Comprehensive Review

Background Uncontrolled hemorrhage is a leading cause of preventable mortality in trauma cases, necessitating rapid and effective hemostatic interventions. Conventional methods such as gauze dressings and tourniquets have limitations, including delayed clot formation, bacterial contamination, and potential tissue damage. Recent advancements in biomaterials have highlighted chitosan/β-glycerophosphate (CS/β-GP) hydrogels as promising thermosensitive agents for emergency hemostasis. Objective This literature review explores the potential of chitosan/β-glycerophosphate (CS/β-GP) thermosensitive aerosol hydrogel as a novel hemostatic agent, emphasizing its physicochemical properties, gelation mechanisms, delivery innovations, and strategies to enhance its mechanical strength. Methods Relevant scientific literature was collected from Scopus, PubMed, CrossRef, and Semantic Scholar databases using targeted