Ligand-modified nickel nitride for natural seawater H2O2 synthesis

Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) is a clean and versatile oxidant with significant applications in marine pollution treatment. Direct electrosynthesis of H 2 O 2 via the two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e - ORR) from seawater offers a sustainable and efficient alternative by eliminating the need for H 2 O 2 transport and storage. Herein, we report a 2-bromothiophene-modified nickel nitride (D-Ni 3 N) catalyst that optimizes oxygen adsorption to selectively enhance the 2e - ORR pathway while mitigating halide-induced corrosion and alkaline earth salt precipitation. D-Ni 3 N achieves a remarkable H 2 O 2 yield rate of 4.69 mol·h −1 ·g −1 with a Faradaic efficiency of 94.6 %, sustaining continuous operation for over 120 hours in natural seawater. Notably, the capital cost of 70 wt% H 2 O 2 is remarkably low at just $0.20 kg −1 . This work highlights the transformative potential of ligand-modified metal nitrides as stable and efficient 2e - ORR catalysts for sustainable H 2 O 2 production in seawater purification applications.