An advanced Ca/Zn hybrid battery enabled by the dendrite-free zinc anode and a reversible calcification/decalcification NASICON cathode

The proposal of hybrid ion batteries, which can integrate the advantages of the single ion battery, opens up a new route for developing high-performance secondary batteries. Herein, we successfully constructed an aqueous hybrid battery comprised of polyanionic-type cathode material (Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 , NVP), Zn metal anode, and aqueous Ca 2+ /Zn 2+ hybrid electrolyte. This exciting combination gives full play to not only the excellent diffusion dynamics of Ca 2+ in the NASICON (sodium super ion conductors) structure but also the electrostatic shielding effect of Ca 2+ with low reduction potential that inhibits the formation of zinc dendrites. As results, the NVP//Zn Zn/Ca hybrid battery delivers favorable specific capacity with outstanding rate performance (85.3 mAh g −1 capacity at 1 C, 60.5 mAh g −1 capacity at 20 C), and excellent cycle stability (74 % capacity retention after 1300 cycles).