Multiple-Stimuli-Responsive Biomimetic Polypyrrole Delivery System for Synergistic Regulation and Restoration of Epileptic Foci

Considering that currently used anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) in clinical practice can only suppress abnormal discharges without intervening in the inflammatory microenvironment, combining anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents with AEDs is probably an effective approach to overcoming the limitations of AEDs. Additionally, damaged neurons and the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in epileptic foci require corresponding repair to minimize the risks of triggering new epileptogenic events. Unfortunately, there are hardly any effective strategies that integrate inflammatory microenvironment regulation with epileptogenic focus restoration. Therefore, based on the conductive polymer polypyrrole (ppy), a multiple-stimuli-responsive macrophage membrane-coated drug delivery system has been designed, co-loaded with inflammation-regulating drug fingolimod (FTY) and lesion-repairing drug citicoline sodium (CTC). This biomimetic system enables selective accumulation and release of drugs in epileptic foci, exerting broad effects on various cells and damage factors within lesions. By comprehensively managing various pathological events in epileptic lesions, it holds promise for fully regulating and repairing the epileptic focus microenvironment.