Rapid-Response Electromagnetic Metamaterial Enabling Round-The-Clock Electrified CO2 Methanation

CO 2 methanation offers a practical solution for sustainable, renewable energy storage and long-term space exploration missions. However, conventional direct solar-driven photothermal systems suffer from thermal response hysteresis and dynamic temperature fluctuations, undermining methane yield stability and limiting their applicability under high gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) conditions. Herein, a round-the-clock CO 2 methanation system is pioneered that integrates photovoltaic power generation with induction heating by a rapid-response electromagnetic metamaterial (EEM), serving as both a catalyst and a susceptor. The EMM assembles single atoms, nanoclusters, and nanotubes into a macrostructure by a 3D-printed strategy and rapidly reaches the methanation temperature of 300 °C within just 36 s at a frequency of 297 kHz with an input power of 461 W, achieving a substantially great CH 4 space-time-yield of 821 mmol g cat −1 h −1 at an ultra-high GHSV of 150 000 mL g cat −1 h −1 . The outdoor photovoltaic-driven induction heating system maintains stable production with a cumulative CH 4 output of 1373.2  L over one week, shielding the system from environmental instability. Notably, this system exhibits a solar-to-chemical energy efficiency of 13% and achieves 20% energy savings compared with conventional electric heating technologies, offering a prospective avenue for efficient and stable CO 2 methanation.