Reconfigurable Acoustic Printing for Conformal and Minimally Invasive Repair

Minimally invasive tissue repair is essential in reconstructive and orthopedic surgery to reduce infection and scarring. However, current 3D/4D printing and stimulus-responsive materials remain constrained by the need for larger incisions and limited penetration of light and heat stimuli. Here, reconfigurable acoustic printing (RAP), a platform that harnesses focused acoustic waves to enable remote printing, healing, and shape reconfiguration with centimeter-scale penetration depths through biological tissue, is introduced. By using a specially formulated bioacoustic ink, RAP achieves high-resolution transcutaneous solidification and reconfigurable shape morphing, inspired by origami principles. Acoustic stimulation further induces controlled material softening, allowing precise structural repair and localized reconfiguration. In live animal models, RAP successfully demonstrates in vivo transcutaneous printing and conformable defect repair. This strategy establishes a versatile and powerful approach for minimally invasive biomedical applications, spanning tissue engineering, implant repair, and aesthetic medicine.