Sputtering Deposited and Energy Band Matched ZnSnN2 Buffer Layers for Highly Efficient Cd-Free Cu2ZnSnS4 Solar Cells

Kesterite Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 (CZTS) solar cells with CdS buffer layers have the problem of toxicity and cliff-like energy band diagram disfavoring higher photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE (%)). The preparation method for ZnSnO buffer layers which enable Cd-free CZTS solar cells to reach the certified PCE (%) of 11.4 is limited to atomic layer deposition and sputtering deposition severely reduces PCE (%). Here, it is showed that sputtering deposited ZnSnN 2 is an efficient buffer layer for Cd-free CZTS solar cell, and without antireflection coating or additional passivation layers its champion PCE (%) has reached 10.00 which is comparable to the certified value. No buried junction and current blocking behavior are observed in the CZTS\ZnSnN 2 junctions. Elemental inter-diffusion is observed at the interface between CZTS and ZnSnN 2 . Most importantly, the energy band of ZnSnN 2 is well-matched with that of CZTS. The former straddles the latter. The conduction band offset is spike-like with the conduction band of ZnSnN 2 higher than that of CZTS, which effectively suppresses interface recombination and results in PCE (%) comparable to the certified value.