Highly Deformable and Robust Ionic Structure for Multi-Tissue Adaptive Hemostatic Sponges

Accidental trauma is always accompanied by tissue defects with noncompressible hemorrhages. Deformable and tough biomaterials are desirable for self-compressible hemostasis, although their preparation is challenging. Here, a critical-size calcium phosphate (C–CaP) with polymer-like high deformability and mineral-like high bending strength is prepared, which is hybridized with silk fibroin (SF) to fabricate a hemostatic sponge (SF-C). C–CaP endows SF-C with an ultrahigh elastic modulus (36.0 kPa) among analogous materials, leading to an ultrafast water absorption rate (1.2 g cm −3 s −1 ) and space-filling rate (200.0%/s). The deformability of the SF-C sponge further enables self-adaptability to defects with micrometre-scale precision. Consequently, SF-C achieves rapid hemostasis in both damaged soft tissues and hard tissues in rats, resulting in less blood loss and a shorter hemostatic time than those of clinical materials. This study provides a promising hemostatic material for the treatment of hemorrhages in defective tissues and expands the current knowledge by revealing the critical-sized ionic structure and unique mechanics of C–CaP.