Stretchable organic electrochemical transistors for sustained high-fidelity electrophysiology and deep learning-assisted sleep monitoring

Good-quality sleep is essential for health, yet obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) underscores the limitations of traditional polysomnography, which is costly, complex, and often uncomfortable. Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) offer a promising solution for sleep monitoring due to their high transconductance; however, limitations in stretchability, long-term stability, and intelligent data analysis hinder their broader application. Here, a high-performance stretchable OECT that combines a biocompatible ionic liquid-modified conducting polymer channel with an ionogel electrolyte is developed, addressing the trade-off between performance and wearability. This OECT achieves exceptional transconductance (∼2.1 mS), mechanical resilience (30% strain), and long-term stability (>6 months), enabling high-fidelity electrocardiography (ECG) monitoring with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 35.7 dB. Through the integration of circuit boards and deep learning algorithms, we have established a wearable, stable, and highly accurate wireless system capable of detecting OSA events from single-lead ECG signals, presenting a novel approach for reliable and portable sleep monitoring.