Smartphone bioelectronic drug with visual colorimetric sensor and bulk nanoencapsulation optogenetic bacteria for chronic kidney disease theragnostics

Point-of-care testing (POCT) has been widely employed for chronic disease diagnosis due to its portable testing modalities and fast medical decisions. However, conventional POCT techniques lack the means of rapid and precise treatment, deviating from the requirement of an integrated theragnostics system for home diagnosis and personalized therapy. Here, we present a smartphone-controlled, system-level bioelectronic drug with programmable point-of-care theragnostics (POCTH) for chronic kidney disease monitoring. The system features a urine-based colorimetric sensor for pathological quantification and engineered bacteria that can generate targeted immune regulators (IL-10) for disease modulation, allowing real-time, at-home chronic disease diagnosis and treatment. Customized smartphone applications have been developed for image capture, colorimetric analysis, and wireless transmission. Besides, a flexible optoelectronic device has also been fabricated for conformal integration with rats and wireless modulation of optogenetic bacteria. The system leads to sophisticated applications in physiological monitoring and personalized diagnosis of chronic diseases.