Polyacrylamide grafted cellulose as an eco-friendly flocculant: Key factors optimization of flocculation to surfactant effluent

The discharge of effluents from surfactant manufacturers is giving rise to increasingly serious environmental problems. In order to develop the eco-friendly flocculation materials to achieve effective removal of pollutants from the surfactant effluents, the bamboo pulp cellulose from Phyllostachys heterocycla is employed as the skeleton material to synthesize an eco-friendly bamboo pulp cellulose-g-polyacrylamide (BPC-g-PAM) for flocculation. The BPC-g-PAM is used with the metal ions as the coagulant to treat the effluent from a surfactant manufacturer. The response surface methodology coupled with Box–behnken design is employed to optimize the key factors of coagulation–flocculation. The results show that the combination of Fe 3+ with BPC-g-PAM achieves the best coagulation–flocculation performance like, the fast treatment time, minimum coagulant and BPC-g-PAM dosages compared with the other two combinations of Al 3+ with BPC-g-PAM and Ca 2+ with BPC-g-PAM. Therefore, the combination of Fe 3+ with BPC-g-PAM is expected to promote its application for the pollution control in the surfactant manufacturers.