Multi-stimuli-responsive shape memory flexible composites based on magnetic melamine/polydopamine/phosphorene complex foams and polyethylene glycol

We have developed a novel type of flexible multi-stimuli-responsive shape memory composite system based on a melamine/polydopamine (PDA)/Fe 3 O 4 /phosphorene (PR) complex foam and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). The system was constructed through coating PDA on the skeleton of the melamine foam and then decorating the PDA layer with Fe 3 O 4 and PR nanosheets, followed by vacuum impregnation of PEG. The resultant composites exhibit an intrinsic thermal-driven shape memory behavior with a high shape recovery ratio of around 100% thanks to their high latent heat capacity derived from the loaded PEG. The introduction of magnetic Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles and PR nanosheets not only enhances the thermal conductance of the composites but also generates good magnetic and photothermal responsiveness. This enables the composites to obtain good light- and magnetic-driven shape memory capabilities in a shorter shape recovery period. This study offers a new strategy for developing smart materials with multiple and effective response to light, heat, and magnetism.