Chitosan-based emulsion gel beads developed on the multiple-unit floating delivery system for gastric sustained release of proanthocyanidins

Floating delivery system enhances bioavailability of bioactive substances by extending their upper gastrointestinal absorption window. Proanthocyanidins offer various health benefits but have low bioavailability due to high sensitivity and low solubility under intestinal conditions. Based on the noneffervescent multiple-unit floating delivery system, this study developed proanthocyanidins-loaded chitosan-starch floating emulsion gel beads (S-CS-PC) through emulsification and extrusion to improve proanthocyanidins bioavailability. FTIR, XRD and XPS analyses revealed interactions between chitosan and starch. SEM showed the distribution of oil phase and well-developed porous structure within the gel beads. Simulated gastric release profile of proanthocyanidins showed S-CS-PC prevented initial burst release observed in pure chitosan gel beads and achieved sustained release. Additionally, S-CS-PC demonstrated significant antioxidant capacity and antibacterial activity, maintaining stability and functionality of encapsulated bioactive substances. This straightforward method with greater scalability and cost-effectiveness, renders the delivery system suitable for industrial-scale production and potential use in functional foods and dietary supplements.