The novel mechanism on the inhibition of superoxide anion generating from xanthine oxidase in the presence of myricetin

To gain an in-depth understanding of the process of myricetin (MY) inhibiting the generation of • O 2 − from Xanthine Oxidase (XOD) at a novel perspective, the inhibiting pathway is necessary to be re-elaborated through inhibitory type, thermodynamic analysis and molecular simulation. The results demonstrated that MY is indeed a potent inhibiting agent for • O 2 − producing from XOD, with the maximum value of 33.78 % in the inhibition of • O 2 − . Furthermore, the deprotonated form (De-MY) of MY was examined to be an effective agent for interacting with XOD, with the measurement of • O 2 − in productions from MY, XOD@MY and XAN-XOD@MY, as comparing to the XAN-XOD@ALL. On the inhibition kinetics, De-MY was witnessed to be on a mixed-type inhibition, with more competitive inhibition. In the thermodynamic analysis, the Stern-Volmer plots for De-MY obtained at 298 K, 303 K and 308 K, were polynomial-fitted to form curves approaching the X axis via the fluorescence quenching of XOD, which was against the reported with good linearity. It indicated that the interaction between De-MY and XOD occurred at the range of MY concentrations from 0 to 0.025 (×10 −5  mol L −1 ), is dominated by a static quenching procedure, ascribing to the appearance of accessible interaction with corresponding f values less than 1. As well, via combining the synchronous fluorescence data, Molecular dynamics simulations showed that MY binding to the Trp 283, ARG-60 and Tyr 58 with H-binding interactions is an available access to block the transfer of free electrons from FADH 2 to O 2 . Therefore, in this work, successfully re-elaborating the inhibition mechanism of • O 2 − generating from XOD by MY is benefited for MY in the future applications.