Tetraphenylmethane based three-dimensional conjugated microporous polymer as adsorbent for solid-phase extraction of trace sulfonamide antibiotics in milk samples

Sulfonamide antibiotics have a broad spectrum of antibacterial action and are widely used, but their overuse poses a threat to human health. In this study, a three-dimensional conjugated microporous polymer, which was designated as TPM-CMP, was synthesized via Friedel-Crafts reaction by using tetraphenylmethane (TPM) and biphenyl dichlorobenzene as monomers, and it was utilized as an adsorbent in solid-phase extraction (SPE) of sulfonamides. The TPM-CMP demonstrated high extraction efficiency for sulfonamides due to π -stacking interactions, hydrophobic forces, and pore-filling effects. Consequently, the SPE was combined with liquid chromatography to detect sulfonamides in milk samples. For this method established in this study, a good linear response was observed in the range of 3.3–300.0 ng g −1 , with a detection limit ( S/N  = 3) between 1.0 and 1.5 ng g −1 . The method recoveries of four sulfonamide in milk samples ranged from 83.4 % to 117 %, with relative standard deviations below 10 %.