High-throughput determination Methodology of Multiple pesticide residues in surface water and its application in environmental risk assessment

Water is essential for maintaining human health and ecosystem stability, as it forms the foundation for biological processes. Monitoring pesticides in environmental water remains a critical area of research due to the significant importance of water quality. In this study, a lab-made thermal desorption split-type dielectric barrier discharge ionization source (TD-ST-DBDI) platform was developed, enabling the rapid and effective detection of surface water contaminants, such as amides, triazines, and carbamate pesticides, under environmental conditions without the need for complex pretreatment. Compared to conventional laboratory methods, this approach offered enhanced convenience and efficiency in analysis. Using the established quantitative method, we achieved limit of detections (LODs) ranging from 0.03 to 3 μg/L, limit of quantifications (LOQs) ranging from 0.10 to 10 μg/L, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of less than 9 %, and linear correlation coefficients (R 2 ) of 0.99 for these pesticides. To track contamination trends over time, a multi-indicator risk assessment model incorporating various factors was developed to evaluate the potential ecological and human health risks of water pollution, revealing that pesticide pollution risks fluctuated over time. This finding provides new insights on monitoring large-scale surface water and exploring the impact of exposure to chemical pollutants on human health.