Live bacteria detection with high specificity by utilizing Eu3+@MIL-53 (Al) and bacteriophages-based fluorescence biosensor

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) infection poses a significant threat to human health and the economy, with the issue of drug resistance becoming increasingly severe. How to quickly, accurately, and inexpensively detect PA and differentiate live bacteria from dead ones is crucial for clinical follow-up treatment. To this end, we have developed a biosensor based on fluorescent metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) (Eu 3+ @MIL-53(Al)) and specific-phages for PA detection, where the Eu 3+ @MIL-53(Al) prepared by one-pot method exhibits excellent fluorescence properties. By covalently binding specific phages isolated from hospital wastewater to the EuMOF surface, we constructed a fluorescent biosensor capable of detecting PA within 15 min, with a sensitivity threshold of 2 CFU/mL. Notably, this biosensor demonstrates high specificity, accurately quantifying live PA in complex bacterial mixtures and distinguishing live from dead bacteria. Its practical application has been validated in clinical blood and stool samples. As a novel platform for clinical microbial monitoring, the Eu 3+ @MIL-53(Al)-phage biosensor not only holds substantial economic potential but also carries significant public health implications.