Electrically controlled on-demand wound therapy based on real-time pH monitoring

Automated identification of infection, and further provision of targeted therapeutic strategies are crucial for the precise and intelligent wound management. Herein, a Janus dressing capable of real-time pH monitoring, adjustable reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and electrical stimulation is developed for antibacterial and regenerative therapies. Specifically, the upper hydrophilic pH-monitoring layer (CP) is fabricated by grafting phenol red onto chitosan. The lower hydrophobic antibacterial and wound-promoting layer (PP/BFD) is obtained through in situ self-assembly of Fe 3+ -based metal–organic framework on the surface of piezoelectric barium titanate, which is loaded with dihydroartemisinin, and then coated onto a semi-cured polydimethylsiloxane surface. Furthermore, the dressing features a micro-array of holes, facilitating the spontaneous “pumping” of tissue fluid. Upon infection, an early warning is offered via colorimetric reactions, and electrically controlled drug release and “high ROS” are produced, resulting in an antibacterial efficacy rate of 99.7 %. Subsequently, wound healing is facilitated by “low ROS” and electrical stimulation. In vivo and in vitro experiments confirm the efficacy of the dressing in automated, intelligent wound monitoring and electrically controlled on-demand therapeutic function, benefiting bacterial eradication without antibiotics and promoting vascularization and tissue regeneration. The strategy holds promise as a diagnostic-therapeutic integrated dressing for high-performance wound treatment.