Liposome of Phlorizin promote the repair of carotid atherosclerosis in rats by regulating inflammation and the Nrf2 signaling pathway

Carotid atherosclerosis (CAS) is a complex cardiovascular disease linked to inflammatory response and oxidative stress. This study aimed to develop and assess the therapeutic efficacy of Phlorizin liposomes (Phlorizin-Lips) in repairing CAS in rats. Phlorizin-Lips were prepared using the film dispersion method and evaluated for controlled release, antioxidant properties, and biocompatibility. The methodology included preparing Phlorizin-Lips, conducting in vitro and in vivo experiments, observing histopathological changes in carotid arteries in a rat model, and detecting inflammatory markers and antioxidant gene expression in arterial endothelial cells using immunoblotting and ELISA. Results showed that Phlorizin-Lips significantly lowered inflammatory markers TNF-α and IL-1β in endothelial cells while upregulating Nrf2 and its downstream antioxidant genes, enhancing the cells' antioxidant capacity and reducing oxidative damage by activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Additionally, Phlorizin-Lips reduced carotid plaque formation, improved vascular endothelial function, and promoted CAS repair. This study underscores Phlorizin's potential as a therapeutic agent for CAS and highlights the Nrf2 pathway's role in regulating inflammation and oxidative stress. Future research will explore the clinical potential of Phlorizin-Lips.