Sulfonated covalent organic frameworks (COF)/polyethersulfone (PES) membrane with enhanced hemocompatibility for blood oxygenation

In extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) treatment, designing membrane with self-anticoagulant properties can solve problems resulting from the adverse effect of anticoagulants. In this study, 2,4,6-Triformylphloroglucinol (Tp) and 2,5-Diaminobenzenesulfonic acid (Pa-SO 3 H) were applied to grow a sulfonated COF film in situ on the polyethersulfone (PES) membrane. The introduction of sulfonic groups increased the hydrophilicity and electronegativity of the TpPa COF film, improved its anti-protein adhesion properties, maintained the normal morphology of blood cells, and endowed the COF film with antithrombotic properties. In the porcine blood circulation test, the duration to increase So 2 (O 2 saturation) from ∼75–95 % in TpPa-SO 3 H COF/PES membrane (M-TpPa-SO 3 H) was 70 min shorter than that in TpPa COF/PES membrane (M-TpPa). This preparation method is applicable to the preparation of not only flat membranes, but also hollow fiber membranes. These findings emphasize the potential of M-TpPa-SO 3 H in ECMO applications, providing superior antithrombotic property and CO 2 efflux potential.